Caspase-4 is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. which are crucial for executing apoptosis, a programmed cell death process essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and eliminating damaged cells. This family includes other well-known caspases such as caspase-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9, each playing distinct roles in apoptotic signaling pathways. Notably, caspase-4 is involved in inflammatory response and has been implicated in activating inflammatory caspases, which can lead to pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Proper functioning of caspase-4 is vital, as dysregulation can contribute to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.