GBP1(guanylate binding protein 1) is a member of the GTPase protein family and is able to bind specifically to guanine nucleotides such as GMP, GDP and GTP. GBP1′s ability to hydrolyze GMP to GTP through two consecutive cleavage steps underscores its importance in cellular signaling pathways. GBP1 is primarily localized in the cytoplasm and is expressed in endothelial cells of the vascular system, where interferon-gamma induces expression during macrophage activation. GBP1 plays a significant role in regulating matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression, which is involved in endothelial cell proliferation and invasiveness. GBP1 is integral to inflammatory cytokine regulation and provides protection against vesicular stomatitis and encephalomyocarditis viruses.