IBA1 also known as AIF1 is a protein that binds actin and calcium. IBA1 is induced by cytokines and interferon and may promote macrophage activation and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and T-lymphocytes. IBA1 plays a significant role in macrophage activation and function, making Iba1 essential for immune responses and tissue repair. IBA1 contains two EF-hand domains, which are vital for calcium-binding capability, and is induced by various cytokines and interferons, highlighting IBA1′s importance in inflammatory processes. In unstimulated state, IBA1 colocalizes with actin, but upon activation, Iba1 translocates to lamellipodia, facilitating cellular movement and response to injury. Additionally, IBA1 serves as a specific marker for human microglia and is expressed by macrophages in injured skeletal muscle, underscoring Iba1′s relevance in neuroinflammation and muscle regeneration.