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PD-L1 also known as CD274, B7-H1 is an immune inhibitory receptor ligand that is expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, such as T cells and B cells and various types of tumor cells. PD-L1 plays a significant role in immune regulation by interacting with the PD-1 receptor on T cells, thereby inhibiting T cell activation and promoting immune tolerance. This interaction is particularly important in cancer, as many tumors exploit the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to evade immune detection, making Pdcd-1L1 a key target for immunotherapy. Structurally, Pdcd-1L1 features immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains along with a 30 amino acid cytoplasmic tail, which is essential for signaling capabilities.