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Nanog also known as Nanog homeobox is a DNA binding homeobox transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency. Nanog plays a crucial role in maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Structurally, Nanog comprises a conserved homeodomain that facilitates specific DNA binding, enabling regulation of genes essential for sustaining the undifferentiated state of stem cells. Additionally, Nanog contains regions outside the homeodomain involved in protein-protein interactions, which are vital for forming complexes that modulate gene expression networks. The structural integrity of Nanog is fundamental to orchestrating the delicate balance between stem cell maintenance and differentiation.