UFC1 is an E2-like conjugating enzyme for UFM1 (ubiquitin-fold modifier 1) conjugation system that drives ufmylation of protein substrates. This pathway coordinates proteostasis at the endoplasmic reticulum, ER stress signaling, and quality control processes linked to secretory pathway function, with reported roles in ribosome-associated quality control and cellular homeostasis. Disruption of ufmylation components, including UFC1, has been associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, hematopoietic defects, and cancer-related cellular stress adaptation in experimental models, supporting its relevance to disease biology. UFC1 is therefore frequently studied in contexts where ER function, stress resilience, and proteome maintenance influence cell fate decisions.