Vigilin also known as HDLBP is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all eukaryotic species. where its unique structure, comprising 14 to 15 consecutively arranged KH domains, plays a critical role in mediating RNA-protein interactions. This structural configuration is essential for Vigilin′s function in heterochromatin formation and cytoplasmic mRNA decay, making Vigilin a valuable marker for assessing translational activity. The gene encoding Vigilin, located on chromosome 2q37, is vital for cell viability, and Vigilin expression is upregulated by intracellular cholesterol levels. Notably, Vigilin interacts with the 80S ribosome through its C-terminal domain, linking tRNA export and the channeled tRNA cycle on ribosomes, which underscores its importance in cellular processes related to protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.