P32455

GBP1 (guanylate binding protein 1) is a 592 amino acid protein member of the GTPase protein family and is able to bind specifically to guanine nucleotides such as GMP, GDP and GTP. GMP is hydrolyzed to GTP in two consecutive cleavage steps, both of which are carried out by GBP1. Localized to the cytoplasm, GBP1 is expressed in endothelial cells of the vascular system and is induced by INF-γ during macrophage induction. GBP1 is thought to regulate the expression of MMP-1, which mediates the proliferation and invasiveness of endothelial cells. GBP1 plays a key role in regulating inflammatory cytokines and provides protection against vesicular stomatitis and encephalomyocarditis viruses. GBP1 expression is highly induced in the vessels of skin diseases such as psoriasis and Kaposi′s sarcoma, making it a novel cellular activation marker that characterizes inflammatory cytokines of endothelial cells.