IGF-II also known as IGF2 is a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors, which are involved in development and growth. IGF-II plays a crucial role in fetal development, acting as a growth factor primarily expressed in the placenta and regulated by placental lactogen. IGF-II is essential for proper growth and development during prenatal stages, influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. IGF-II is involved in the regulation of metabolic processes and has been linked to various gene variants associated with overfeeding-induced metabolic changes. The human IGF-II gene is located on chromosome 11p15.5 and encodes a 180 amino acid precursor protein that undergoes post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, which are vital for stability and biological activity.