UDG(Uracil-DNA glycosylase) also known as UNG plays a critical role in maintaining genomic integrity by excising uracil from DNA, which can arise from misincorporation during DNA replication or from cytosine deamination. This enzymatic activity is essential for preventing mutations that could lead to various diseases, including cancer. UDG operates through a unique mechanism where UDG undergoes a conformational change from an "open" state to a "closed" state upon binding to DNA, which facilitates the cleavage of the glycosidic bond between uracil and deoxyribose. This conformational shift creates a catalytic center that enhances UDG′s ability to flip the uridine nucleotide into the active site for efficient excision.