Atg12 also known as APG12 is a 140 amino acid protein that plays a crucial role in the autophagy process, which is essential for cellular homeostasis and the degradation of damaged organelles and proteins. Atg12 is primarily located in the cytoplasm, where Atg12 forms a vital conjugate with APG5, a reaction facilitated by APG7 and Atg10 in the presence of ATP. This conjugation is critical for autophagosome formation, as Atg12 regulates membrane morphology and the overall autophagic process. Atg12′s role in autophagy underscores Atg12′s potential as a therapeutic target in diseases characterized by impaired autophagic function, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.