P60484

PTEN also known as phosphatase and tensin homolog, MMAC1, TEP1 is a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. It contains a tensin like domain as well as a catalytic domain similar to that of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. PTEN plays a vital role in regulating cellular processes by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate, thereby antagonizing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is essential for controlling cell growth, proliferation, and survival. The proper function of PTEN is further regulated through various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which influence stability, localization, and enzymatic activity. Dysregulation or mutation of PTEN, often observed in numerous cancers such as glioblastomas, breast, kidney, and prostate cancers, underscores its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing tumorigenesis.