TrxR2 also known as Thioredoxin reductase 2, TXNRD2 is a vital redox enzyme localized in mitochondria, where TrxR2 plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox balance and protecting against oxidative stress. TrxR2 is essential for cell viability as TrxR2 scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway, thereby influencing cell survival and death. TrxR2 includes a conserved catalytic site critical for enzymatic function, allowing TrxR2 to reduce oxidized thioredoxin and other cellular components, which is important for various cellular processes, including DNA synthesis and transcription factor modulation.