HIPK2 is a member of the HIPK family, which includes HIPK1 and HIPK3, and is characterized by a conserved protein kinase domain that interacts with homeoproteins. HIPK2 functions as a co-repressor of homeodomain transcription factors, influencing gene expression and developmental pathways. HIPK2 regulates apoptosis and cellular stress responses, maintaining cellular homeostasis. HIPK2 localizes primarily in the nucleus, participating in nuclear body formation involved in gene expression regulation and stress response. HIPK2 presence in nuclear structures underscores a significant role in cellular signaling pathways and potential involvement in cancer and autoimmunity. HIPK2 undergoes SUMO-1 conjugation, enhancing stability and function while directing nuclear body localization crucial for stress and viral infection responses. Such modification influences protein interactions and cellular activity.