KIF1B is a vital member of the KIF1/Unc104 family of kinesin-like proteins, which are essential for the transport of mitochondria and synaptic vesicles along axons. KIF1B plays a crucial role in maintaining neuronal health by facilitating the distribution of organelles necessary for energy production and neurotransmitter release. KIF1B shows predominant expression in differentiated nerve cells, highlighting its importance in the nervous system. KIF1B is implicated in the transport of synaptic proteins to the cell periphery in neuronal cell axons by interaction with Rab3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Mitochondria are also often transported in axons by KIF1B. The human KIF1B gene is located on chromosome 1p36.2, and mutations in this gene can lead to defects in axonal transport, contributing to peripheral neuropathy.