P30279

Cyclin D2 also known as cD2, Vin1, Vin-1, CCND2 is a crucial regulator of the cell cycle, primarily involved in the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase by forming complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 and Cdk6. This interaction leads to the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, resulting in the activation of E2F transcription factors that drive DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Structurally, cyclin D2 contains a conserved cyclin box domain essential for its binding to Cdks, and undergoes significant post-translational modifications that regulate function and stability. Phosphorylation of cyclin D2 modulates activity and interactions, while ubiquitination targets cyclin D2 for proteasomal degradation, ensuring precise control of cell cycle progression. These modifications are vital for maintaining normal cellular growth and preventing uncontrolled proliferation, which is a hallmark of cancer.